Single-cell profiling identifies mechanisms of inflammatory heterogeneity in chronic rhinosinusitis
Weiqing Wang # 1, Yi Xu # 2, Lun Wang # 3,
Zhenzhen Zhu 1, Surita Aodeng 1, Hui Chen 2, Menghua Cai 2, Zhihao Huang 4,
Jinbo Han 1, Lei Wang 1, Yuxi Lin 1, Yu Hu 2, Liangrui Zhou 5, Xiaowei Wang 1,
Yang Zha 1, Weihong Jiang 6, Zhiqiang Gao 1, Wei He 7, Wei Lv 8, Jianmin Zhang
9 10
Nat Immunol. 2022 Oct;23(10):1484-1494.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-022-01312-0. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
PMID: 36138182
Abstract
The
heterogeneous cellular microenvironment of human airway chronic inflammatory
diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma, is still poorly
understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the
nasal mucosa of healthy individuals and patients with three subtypes of CRS and
identified disease-specific cell subsets and molecules that specifically
contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS subtypes. As such, ALOX15+ macrophages
contributed to the type 2 immunity-driven pathogenesis of one subtype of CRS,
eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP), by secreting chemokines that
recruited eosinophils, monocytes and T helper 2 (TH2) cells. An inhibitor of
ALOX15 reduced the release of proinflammatory chemokines in human macrophages
and inhibited the overactivation of type 2 immunity in a mouse model of
eosinophilic rhinosinusitis. Our findings advance the understanding of the
heterogeneous immune microenvironment and the pathogenesis of CRS subtypes and
identify potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CRS and
potentially other type 2 immunity-mediated diseases.